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Church fathers / leaders who personally knew, or taught by the Apostles. Can also be used for anonymous works written within the same period, roughly the generation immediately after the apostles. See full tag wiki for examples. Include the church-fathers tag as well. But for later church fathers, use the church-fathers tag ONLY.

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Are there any denominations that defend their doctrines by appealing to extra-biblical evide...

There are a couple of doctrines that appeal to early non-scriptural accounts. Explanation of Brothers The Infancy Gospel of James refers to an "old Joseph" and "young Mary". In the story, Joseph is p …
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2 votes

Did any Apostolic or Ante-Nicene Fathers believe that Jesus was a created being?

The Shepard of Hermas (SH) was accepted by many to be divine or on par with scripture. It may be found in the Sinaiticus manuscript. So, how did the book have enough sway that writers such as Origen …
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4 votes

Why didn't Polycarp mention John in his Epistle?

Polycarp does quote from 1 John 4:3, which until recently was widely believed to be written by the same John who wrote the Gospel of John. “For whosoever does not confess that Jesus Christ has come i …
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1 vote

Are there any extra-biblical writings that document what the early Christians believed about...

The earliest church fathers, after the destruction of Jerusalem/Temple in 70AD, still looked toward Jesus' Second Coming. Therefore, my children, in six days, that is, in six thousand years, all thin …
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1 vote

For Christians who are skeptical of the writings of the Apostolic & Ante-Nicene Fathers, wha...

Epistemology is the study of knowledge and rationality of belief. What is the basis for trusting a canon, if you can't rely on outside writings? The bible provides its own requirement to be considere …
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What did the Apostolic Fathers believe regarding the state of the dead and the afterlife?

References to the after life. Chapter XVIII.—Proof of immortality and the resurrection. For reflect upon the end of each of the preceding kings, how they died the death common to all, which, if it is …
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What did the Early Church (ante-Nicene period) believe about Gehenna and the Second Death?

The early church consistently understood Gehenna as the place of second death and eternal fire. The one outlier was Origen. (in quotes, emphasis mine) Irenaeus, a disciple of Polycarp, a disciple of …
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The Apostolic Fathers on "the Gates of Hell" (Matt. 16:18)

There is basically one reference from Irenaeus to gates of hell in a song in that defined group, but there is another reference that might set the stage for understanding of the term. For David speak …
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Is 2 Peter 3:16 a blanket endorsement of Paul, a partial endorsement, or a veiled warning?

The context of 2 Peter 3:16 is about “the day of the Lord”. It comes as a thief in the night. It brings about the end of the earth with works therein (v 10). So, how should we live? All these thing …
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