Does the Bible say when this event will occur, and does it go into more detail about this particular event?
2 Peter 3:10 But the day of the Lord will come as a thief in the
night; in the which the heavens shall pass away with a great noise,
and the elements shall melt with fervent heat, the earth also and the
works that are therein shall be burned up
The Bible uses the phrase "the day of the Lord" frequently, and it can mean a specific event (such as the rapture), a series of events (such as the rapture and the Great Tribulation period), or a great span of events (such as everything from the rapture through to the millennial kingdom and to the eternal state).
1 Thessalonians 5:2-9 For yourselves know perfectly that the day of
the Lord so cometh as a thief in the night. For when they shall say,
Peace and safety; then sudden destruction cometh upon them, as travail
upon a woman with child; and they shall not escape. But ye,
brethren, are not in darkness, that that day should overtake you as a
thief. Ye are all the children of light, and the children of the
day: we are not of the night, nor of darkness. Therefore let us not
sleep, as do others; but let us watch and be sober. For they that
sleep sleep in the night; and they that be drunken are drunken in the
night. But let us, who are of the day, be sober, putting on the
breastplate of faith and love; and for an helmet, the hope of
salvation. For God hath not appointed us to wrath, but to obtain
salvation by our Lord Jesus Christ.
Zechariah 14:1-9 Behold, the day of the LORD cometh, and thy spoil
shall be divided in the midst of thee. For I will gather all nations
against Jerusalem to battle; and the city shall be taken, and the
houses rifled, and the women ravished; and half of the city shall go
forth into captivity, and the residue of the people shall not be cut
off from the city. Then shall the LORD go forth, and fight against
those nations, as when he fought in the day of battle. And his feet
shall stand in that day upon the mount of Olives, which is before
Jerusalem on the east, and the mount of Olives shall cleave in the
midst thereof toward the east and toward the west, and there shall be
a very great valley; and half of the mountain shall remove toward the
north, and half of it toward the south. And ye shall flee to the
valley of the mountains; for the valley of the mountains shall reach
unto Azal: yea, ye shall flee, like as ye fled from before the
earthquake in the days of Uzziah king of Judah: and the LORD my God
shall come, and all the saints with thee. And it shall come to pass
in that day, that the light shall not be clear, nor dark: But it
shall be one day which shall be known to the LORD, not day, nor night:
but it shall come to pass, that at evening time it shall be light.
And it shall be in that day, that living waters shall go out from
Jerusalem; half of them toward the former sea, and half of them toward
the hinder sea: in summer and in winter shall it be. And the LORD
shall be king over all the earth: in that day shall there be one LORD,
and his name one.
Joel 3:14-21 Multitudes, multitudes in the valley of decision: for
the day of the LORD is near in the valley of decision. The sun and
the moon shall be darkened, and the stars shall withdraw their
shining. The LORD also shall roar out of Zion, and utter his voice
from Jerusalem; and the heavens and the earth shall shake: but the
LORD will be the hope of his people, and the strength of the children
of Israel. So shall ye know that I am the LORD your God dwelling in
Zion, my holy mountain: then shall Jerusalem be holy, and there shall
no strangers pass through her any more. And it shall come to pass in
that day, that the mountains shall drop down new wine, and the hills
shall flow with milk, and all the rivers of Judah shall flow with
waters, and a fountain shall come forth of the house of the LORD, and
shall water the valley of Shittim. Egypt shall be a desolation, and
Edom shall be a desolate wilderness, for the violence against the
children of Judah, because they have shed innocent blood in their
land. But Judah shall dwell for ever, and Jerusalem from generation
to generation. For I will cleanse their blood that I have not
cleansed: for the LORD dwelleth in Zion.
I see in Peter's use of the phrase "the day of the Lord" a sort of a short parenthetical description of the entire period. The "thief in the night" phrase would describe the start of this time. The end of the old earth and heaven would describe the end of this time.
There is a parallel in the book of Revelation. After the first three chapters, the letter to the churches, the next two chapters describe a scene in heaven in which Jesus is found worthy to take ownership of the earth. The process of his taking ownership involves the opening of seals on the document that could be seen as a sort of title deed to earth. As this document is opened, various penalties are poured out on the earth. At the start of this process of judgment a war breaks out and together with famine and disease it causes the death of one-out-of-four people on earth. After the judgments are poured out on the inhabitants of earth, an angry army of 200,000,000 gather at Megiddo (an ancient Canaanite city southeast of Mount Carmel at the western approach of the Jezreel Valley in Israel) to fight against God.
Revelation 6:8 And I looked, and behold a pale horse: and his name
that sat on him was Death, and Hell followed with him. And power was
given unto them over the fourth part of the earth, to kill with sword,
and with hunger, and with death, and with the beasts of the earth.
Revelation 16:16 And he gathered them together into a place called in
the Hebrew tongue Armageddon.
After Jesus returns and wipes out the rebellious from the earth, he rules from Jerusalem for 1,000 years (i.e., the Millennial reign of Christ). After this, Satan, who had been bound, is set loose on the world, and he organizes one last war against God. After this war comes the Great White Throne judgment, where the unsaved dead are raised and judged according to their works. After this is the eternal state.
Revelation 21:1 And I saw a new heaven and a new earth: for the first
heaven and the first earth were passed away; and there was no more
sea.
T summarize, I suggest Peter is describing briefly the period of time (at least 1,007 years) which starts after the rapture.
2 Thessalonians 2:3-7 Let no man deceive you by any means: for that
day shall not come, except there come a falling away first, and that
man of sin be revealed, the son of perdition; Who opposeth and
exalteth himself above all that is called God, or that is worshipped;
so that he as God sitteth in the temple of God, shewing himself that
he is God. Remember ye not, that, when I was yet with you, I told
you these things? And now ye know what withholdeth that he might be
revealed in his time. For the mystery of iniquity doth already work:
only he who now letteth will let, until he be taken out of the way.
Since the time of the apostle Paul there has been someone restraining the evil in the world, and one possibility is the Holy Spirit, who indwells each Christian and is a restrainer of evil through each and every Christian throughout the world. When Christians are taken out of the world, the Holy Spirit would go with them. This might trigger all the events associated with "the day of the Lord."
1 Thessalonians 4:13-17 But I would not have you to be ignorant,
brethren, concerning them which are asleep, that ye sorrow not, even
as others which have no hope. For if we believe that Jesus died and
rose again, even so them also which sleep in Jesus will God bring with
him. For this we say unto you by the word of the Lord, that we which
are alive and remain unto the coming of the Lord shall not prevent
them which are asleep. For the Lord himself shall descend from
heaven with a shout, with the voice of the archangel, and with the
trump of God: and the dead in Christ shall rise first: Then we which
are alive and remain shall be caught up together with them in the
clouds, to meet the Lord in the air: and so shall we ever be with the
Lord.
Here is the apostle Peter's summary concerning the transient nature of the earth and the heavens. Notice the similarity between it and the apostle John's summary:
2 Peter 3:11 Seeing then that all these things shall be dissolved,
what manner of persons ought ye to be in all holy conversation and
godliness,
1 John 2:16-17 For all that is in the world, the lust of the flesh,
and the lust of the eyes, and the pride of life, is not of the Father,
but is of the world. And the world passeth away, and the lust
thereof: but he that doeth the will of God abideth for ever.