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The title almost says it all:
What's the difference between the Gospel and the Bible? Does one contain the other or what?
What does each one include?
Where did each one come from (or who authored each, if possible)?
Please forgive my ignorance; if the question is encyclopedic then answering the first item is enough.
First, the Bible is the entire collection of Jewish scripture (known by Christians as the "Old Testament") and Christian scripture (which also includes the "New Testament") as recognized by modern Christian groups. Most Protestant Christian groups recognize 66 "books" (or individual pieces of literature) as their Bible. Greek Orthodox and Catholics recognize 73. See the Wikipedia entry for Bible for a more in-depth look of what is contained within the Bible, and how various groups have different definitions.
Now, moving on to the term "Gospel." The term "Gospel" has two meanings within Christianity.
One of the books of the Bible which tells the story of Jesus' life. The four gospels are Gospels of (or according to) Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John. In this sense, the term "Gospel" serves to designate these four books (and some groups include additional gospels) as distinct from the other types of books contained in the Bible.
In this sense, the Gospels (plural) are part of the Bible.
"The Gospel" also means simply "The Good News." So when someone says "Jesus preached the Gospel," they don't mean "Jesus told the story of his life," but they mean "Jesus preached the Good News." That "Good News" is essentially that God forgives sins. It can also be considered the entire story of the Bible, including the details of man's rebellion against God, and God's desire and attempt to redeem man.
In this sense, the Gospel (singular) is either:
From an Evangelical perspective, "The Gospel" means "The Good News". The news, specifically that even though we are sinners, hopelessly separated from God, unable to save ourselves, Christ dies for us, to pay the penalty for our sins.
It is the good news that is revealed to us in the Bible. The Bible is the collection of 66 books (Genesis-Revelations), written over a long period, by different authors, from different backgrounds, yet revealing one unified message, and the Gospel is the message they tell.
I suppose a good analogy would be in standard literature, you have the book (the Bible) and you have the plot (the Gospel).
To muddy the waters, the first four books of the New Testament are called "the Gospels". Each is an account of the life, death, and resurrection of Christ told from the perspective of one of the disciples, who knew Him personally. (Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John)
The Bible is known as ‘the word of God’, but the Son of God is called the Word of God (prior to incarnating as the virgin Mary’s child). The Bible tells us that the gospel IS the Word of God, in his person, and that the gospel is the good news about Jesus Christ (Mark 1:1, 1 Corinthians 9:12, 2 Corinthians 4:4, 2 Thessalonians 1:8). The written biblical scriptures, the word of God, contain this message of good news about Jesus Christ, the start of it being in Genesis, with hints, or clues, about how it would unfold thereafter, leading to the ministry of the incarnate Word of God as detailed in the four gospel accounts, and the last book of the Bible culminates with the final cosmic outcome of this gospel (Revelation 14:6).
Here is what Martin Luther (1483-1546) said about the Bible as one channel of self-disclosure which God has ordained for man. It tells us about Jesus, the Word, yet the Word is not to be equated with Scripture. The ‘Word’ is not the Bible as a written book because:
“The gospel is really not that which is contained in books and composed in letters, but rather an oral preaching and a living word, a voice which resounds throughout the whole world and is publicly proclaimed.”
This Word must be heard. This Word must be pondered:
“Not through thought, wisdom, and will does the faith of Christ arise in us, but through an incomprehensible and hidden operation of the Spirit, which is given by faith in Christ only at the hearing of the Word and without any other work of ours.”
More, too, than mere reading about Christ and the gospel message is required:
“No one is taught through much reading and thinking. There is a much higher school where one learns God’s Word. One must go into the wilderness. Then Christ comes and one becomes able to judge the world.” ‘Here I Stand’ Roland Bainton, pp224-5 (Lion 1988 reprint, Britain)
So, there is the written message of the gospel (some 40 men wrote about it in virtually all of the Bible books). This is the good news about Jesus Christ who is, in his person, the good news of grace. A merely academic grasp of the written gospel message will avail nothing if the person of Jesus Christ is not apprehended and grasped, by faith. It is possible for individuals to do that without ever having seen a copy of the Bible, but a declaration of the gospel about Christ is necessary. Once a person has believed the good news about Christ, a study of the Bible will vastly enhance their appreciation and understanding of Christ. Finally, there is no discrepancy between the written gospel and the person of Jesus Christ.
The Gospel starts at Genesis and ends at Revelation. The bible is dispensational. This is the key to understanding it. God's word shows us in the shadow of things. (Types and shadows) our need for a Savior. Jesus Christ is mentioned in the first chapter of Genesis, his coming is also foretold in Genesis 3, God's children are the seed of Abraham. The Bible in each story points to Jesus. Then as Isaiah (the greatest prophet) foretells the coming of Jesus through the last of the greatest prophets "John the Baptist" and how John would clear the way for Jesus and the new covenant. "Behold the Kingdom of heaven is at hand" Many of the prophets foretell of Jesus Christ over 300 times in the Old Testament. So even though the "words and life" of Jesus is considered the Gospel of Jesus. It can be said that the entire canon of scripture is indeed "the good news". The apostle Paul is referred to as "the minister of grace". Paul's letters are instrumental to bringing a clear understanding that distinguishes the new covenant from the Old Covenant that Moses received for the nation of Israel. Peter, James, and perhaps even Helena also wrote a portions of the New Testament as well.
Here's another way to distinguish the GOSPEL from the BIBLE without repeating too much of David Stratton's answer and Flimzy's answer.
What's the difference between the Gospel and the Bible? Does one contain the other or what?
What does each one include?
The whole BIBLE is the written record of God's self disclosure to human beings. This self disclosure is
because the Bible's God
showing God's intense love for the rebellious humans and provides a way for them to come back to their Creator: John 3:13-21.
So if the BIBLE is the parchment and ink, the GOSPEL is the long love letter written on the parchment, composed over more than 2000 year history:
Where did each one come from (or who authored each, if possible)?
Do not confuse the above meaning of the GOSPEL with the title of the 4 gospel books in the BIBLE such as the Gospel according to Matthew. Like the rest of the Bible, the 4 gospels are also written record of God's dealings with us. But it's in the 4 gospels that we have the record of the clearest and most developed self-disclosure of God, which culminated in the sending of his Son Jesus Christ to defeat DEATH, the death caused by the curse described in Genesis 3. Since Jesus needed to show how God now is ready to give humans the opportunity to reverse their cursed death-laden existence, it is no wonder that the human writers of the 4 gospels purposefully included several miracles of how Jesus raised people from death and how Jesus himself was raised from death by God.
Therefore, those who repent and be baptized will also be resurrected to eternal life after their earthly death just like Jesus. Isn't that good news? That is why the church gave the books the title gospel, from the Greek word euaggelion, which was also used by Isaiah about 500 years earlier to announce God's promise to bring about deliverance as in Isa 52:7-10 which God fulfilled in Jesus who demonstrated God's VICTORY over death before the eyes of the nations (i.e. the nations conquered by the 1st century Roman Empire).
7 How beautiful on the mountains
are the feet of the messenger who brings good news,
the good news of peace and salvation,
the news that the God of Israel reigns!
8 The watchmen shout and sing with joy,
for before their very eyes
they see the LORD returning to Jerusalem.
9 Let the ruins of Jerusalem break into joyful song,
for the LORD has comforted his people.
He has redeemed Jerusalem.
10 The LORD has demonstrated his holy power
before the eyes of all the nations.
All the ends of the earth will see
the victory of our God.
The 4 human authors of the 4 gospels are:
Each of the four wrote their own human perspective of Jesus, who embodies the GOSPEL because Jesus himself is God who disclosed Himself as 100% human person. It's like the love letter writer HIMSELF had now come in person to deliver the message ! Isn't that grand?
Therefore, to answer your question, the GOSPEL came from God (because it's God's self disclosure) but the BIBLE (including the 4 gospels) came from the pen of several dozen human beings (mostly prophets, scribes, and apostles) who responded to God's self disclosure and wrote them down so we too can respond to God's love.
The Gospel is the good news "We have a new identity in christ which is the sinless man/god". The Bible is simply a package containing: { the gospel<- and ->the reason for the gospel }. (and not in that order)
