The best answer is one you may find the least helpful. If you read the book of Job, you see that Job goes through suffering that is inflicted by the devil, but permitted by God. Job cries out for answers, but at the end the only answer that God gives is that Job simply cannot understand God's actions or purposes. Nevertheless, the end result is that Job is blessed because of his faithfulness and uprightness, refusing to curse God even in the midst of His troubles, and only going to God for answers.
We see this also in the famous quote from Isa 55:8-9:
‘For my thoughts are not your thoughts,
neither are your ways my ways,’
declares the Lord.
‘As the heavens are higher than the earth,
so are my ways higher than your ways
and my thoughts than your thoughts.
Jeremiah 18:1-6:
This is the word that came to Jeremiah from the Lord: “Go down to the potter’s house, and there I will give you my message.” So I went down to the potter’s house, and I saw him working at the wheel. But the pot he was shaping from the clay was marred in his hands; so the potter formed it into another pot, shaping it as seemed best to him.
Then the word of the Lord came to me. He said, “Can I not do with you, Israel, as this potter does?” declares the Lord. “Like clay in the hand of the potter, so are you in my hand, Israel".
Isa 29:15-16:
Woe to those who go to great depths
to hide their plans from the Lord,
who do their work in darkness and think,
“Who sees us? Who will know?”
You turn things upside down,
as if the potter were thought to be like the clay!
Shall what is formed say to the one who formed it,
“You did not make me”?
Can the pot say to the potter,
“You know nothing”?
Similarly from 1 Cor 2:16:
‘Who has known the mind of the Lord
so as to instruct him?’
But there Paul's point is actually a little different, which is that the servant of God who is filled with God's Holy Spirit is able to know the mind of the Lord, because he / she has the mind of Christ, which is what comes from trusting (pistis) in Jesus, which also includes acting on that faith / trust and obeying - remember the story of the wise and foolish builders (Mt 7:24). We know that judgement has been given to Jesus and that he will judge justly.
In summary, we don't fully know what happens to those who oppose God, but Jesus had strong warnings for those who reject Him, and we learn more from Him about hell and final judgement than anyone else. So the question is, why not submit to your Creator, why not seek Him out and obey Him? That is the only way to understand (as laid out in scripture).