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Acts 2:40-42 And with very many other words did he testify and exhort them, saying: Save yourselves from this perverse generation. 41 They therefore that received his word, were baptized; and there were added in that day about three thousand souls.

42 And they were persevering in the teaching of the apostles, and in coming together, and the breaking of bread, and in prayers.

The "breaking of bread" was an early, primitive way of referring to the Eucharist (both come from the Last Supper or Institution, where Christ "broke bread" and "gave thanks" - Gk. eucharistesas Lk. 22:19).

Many modern Protestant denominations don't hold Eucharist more than about once a year. How do such denominations or groups defend their stance, based on Acts 2:42, which seems to imply a perseverance and regular celebration thereof?

Thanks in advance.

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    'Breaking of bread' is just eating together. There is nothing in the text to suggest that it refers to the memorial. Nor is wine or cup mentioned.
    – Nigel J
    Mar 8, 2020 at 9:01
  • We can't ignore how early Christians in the first century understood such basic things as what the Eucharist was. As such, something like the Didache must needs be considered. They refer to the Eucharist as the "breaking of the bread." Wine nor bread is mentioned in the word "Eucharist" (Thanksgiving). Jesus also doesn't break the cup. Mar 8, 2020 at 19:46
  • @Nigel Protestant must follow St.Paul action if they want their "breaking of the bread" be sanctified to become the "real presence". How? seek the "right hand of fellowship" with Pope's Magisterium. Why? St.Paul Eucharistic Celebration became real presence because Peter, James and John the three pillars of the Church "bind it", because St.Paul united his apostolic mission with the Church founded by Christ (Galatians2:8-10) Pope Francis Magisterium can approve and bind "Protestant Rites" and it will also be bound in Heaven.. Matthew16:19 Mar 9, 2020 at 1:15
  • Protestant practice varies widely and some even lean strongly in the direction of sacramental 'means' of grace. If there is a defining difference it might be that orthodoxy tends to hold that the Eucharist actually imparts Christ's presence upon consumption and Protestantism tends to hold that the Christ is present from the new birth on. Mar 9, 2020 at 12:11
  • Also interesting how this draws particular attention but, at least in prosperous nations, the literal reading of Acts 2:44-45 is not heavily striven over. Mar 9, 2020 at 12:19

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The simple answers is that Acts is descriptive rather than prescriptive. Like all the narrative books it gives us wisdom and informs our decisions, but out relationship to a narrative text is different to our relationship to a text of commands (although those can be embedded within a narrative, as they are in the Pentateuch.)

Now there is one command that speaks of the frequency of communion, 1 Corinthians 11:25-26; you should have asked about that instead.

1 Cor 11:25-26 (ESV): In the same way also he took the cup, after supper, saying, “This cup is the new covenant in my blood. Do this, as often as you drink it, in remembrance of me.” For as often as you eat this bread and drink the cup, you proclaim the Lord's death until he comes.

One command directly from the mouth of Jesus, and one explanation from Paul. But it's far from clear that Jesus's words require this act to become a formal ritual for the church. As Acts records, sharing meals together, in remembrance of the death of Christ, was a common activity for the early Church. I think the common practice of giving thanks to God before a meal is a faithful way to obey Jesus's command.

There are many ways that churches have interpreted these verses. Many, taking note of "as often" have communion every week. Some Anglican churches actually have it every day. Some churches, rather than a token bite sized piece of bread and sip of a cup, have a full celebratory meal, like we imagine the early church doing. And in some Catholic churches the laity sometimes receive only the bread and not the wine, even though it was specifically about the wine which Jesus said "as often as you drink it."

But Paul gives us more than just this quote from Jesus, he gives us principles by which to decide how to implement this sacrament. The Corinthian church, by the time Paul was writing, had settled on a full celebratory banquet. The way they celebrated this banquet was deeply problematic however. Rather than sharing, some got drunk while others went hungry (1 Cor 11:21). Some may also have started eating before others even arrived, so Paul says to eat for the purpose of sating hunger at home, before you gather together (1 Cor 11:33-34). Paul says that we are to examine ourselves and others in the body to ensure we are worthy to eat this meal in remembrance of Jesus Christ.

I think this goal of serious remembrance of the sacrificial work of Jesus on the Cross can be achieved through different practices and frequencies of communion. For the churches which have it weekly (or daily) they want to ensure that the cross of Christ is never take for granted. By having communion this frequently they ensure that no matter what songs are sung, no matter what the topic of the sermon, the death of Christ is explicitly spoken of and deliberately remembered in every meeting.

For churches that have it less frequently, I have often heard the concern that weekly communion can become a motion you go through rather than a heartfelt act. I'm sure there have been church leaders who have felt at times that they've had to rush through communion because the preacher went overtime. While it is ultimately the individual church member's responsibility to take communion seriously rather than just as a habit to keep, the leaders of churches that have it monthly or quarterly hope this will help their congregants to not take it for granted but to be in the right mindset each time. When it is done monthly or quarterly, it can be something you set aside time for, you can include time for reflection in the service, you can choose particularly cross-centred hymns.

Personally I see merits in both weekly and monthly communion. I remember times when I was in a church that had it weekly that sometimes I treated it as just a motion to go through, and when I was in a church that had it monthly that if I missed the week it was on that I could almost forget it was something the church even did. I wouldn't want it to be less frequent than monthly however.

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  • @curiousdannii You took a jab at the Catholic interpretation, so I ask: Do you believe in the sola scriptura which says that all tradition is useless or antibiblical? If not, how can you say "But it's far from clear that Jesus's words require this act to become a formal ritual for the church" when Christians from the early Church would unanimously prove the opposite was understood of Jesus by his apostles and their disciples? Mar 8, 2020 at 19:42
  • @SolaGratia It wasn't intended as a jab, just to show that all denominations have practices which have developed over time that don't perfectly match a surface level interpretation of these verses. I know that in Catholic theology it's perfectly logical to say that the full body and blood of Christ is present in both species.
    – curiousdannii
    Mar 8, 2020 at 22:52
  • As to sola scriptura, it absolutely does not say that all tradition is useless and antibiblical. I think this answer of mine explains that well. I did think twice about those words. But I think I stand by them: Jesus's command is for his followers to remember him in their fellowship meals. Under the guidance of the Spirit the church developed a ritual they called The Lord's Supper (1 Cor 11:20), but was that in the human mind of Christ when he spoke those words? I don't think that's necessary.
    – curiousdannii
    Mar 8, 2020 at 23:04
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