How does leaving a 'gift at the altar' reconcile with reformed views of the need to 'approach the throne of grace' in everything?

Question

Jesus said:

“Therefore, if you are offering your gift at the altar and there remember that your brother or sister has something against you, leave your gift there in front of the altar. First go and be reconciled to them; then come and offer your gift. (Matthew 5:23-24, NIV)

However, this might make someone infer that while we have any 'big sin' in our life, like hateful anger for a brother, we should reform our life before approaching God. Clearly such a works based concept is absolutely opposed to the gospel. So the question is what is a valid exegesis of Mathew 5:23-24 that does not conflict with our need to approach the throne of grace to enable this 'leaving the gift at the altar' and attempt of reconciliation with a brother?

Is there any sin that we must straighten out before approaching the throne of grace?

Note: I was first tempted to ask this question on BH.SE but I realized although asking for an exegesis, this is actually exploring the entire theological framework of reformed theology because the belief that one may have to take care of any sin first, and then approach God is in direct conflict with a reformed position and so the question is more theological than exegetical.

Answer 1

Approaching the throne of grace is an inward action and would actually be a natural part of going to one's brother to be reconciled (perhaps along the lines of "Thank you God for bringing this issue to mind and please give me the proper words when I go before my brother.").

If one was coming before one's king, who is renown for his love of justice, to present a lovely flower arrangement and the king's counselor informs one of some grave injustice under one's responsibility, one's right to come before the king and even to ask for a horse to speed one's handling of the injustice is not in question--one is under the king's favor. However, the king will not be pleased if one delays the handling of the injustice rather than delaying the presentation of the gift.

Answer 2

this is actually exploring the entire theological framework of reformed theology using this particular verse only

That's a bad idea from a Reformed or any other perspective. To take one verse and attempt to understand a full theology based on it is simply not possible. The surest way to misinterpret Scripture is to take verses out of context.

Taken in context, this is not speaking about straightening out a specific sin prior to going to the altar, it's about the principle of going to the alter to "worship" with a heart that's far from God. It's a perfect complement to Hosea 6, which speaks of Israel turning to God with an unrepentant heart simply to achieve personal gain - the healing of their land. God rejects this, and in verses 6-10, we see the underlying principle:

6 For I desire mercy, not sacrifice, and acknowledgment of God rather than burnt offerings. 7 As at Adam,[b] they have broken the covenant; they were unfaithful to me there. 8 Gilead is a city of evildoers, stained with footprints of blood. 9 As marauders lie in ambush for a victim, so do bands of priests; they murder on the road to Shechem, carrying out their wicked schemes. 10 I have seen a horrible thing in Israel: There Ephraim is given to prostitution, Israel is defiled.

This has nothing to do with salvation, predestination, or any other Calvinistic doctrine. It has to do with the truth of the condition of our hearts. It speaks to the pointlesness of following religious ritual, and the superiority of a heart that is turned over to God. Such a heart will understand that love, kindness, and forgiveness are necessary, and will not worship in vain.

From Calvin's commentary:

It amounts to this, that the precept of the law, which forbids murder, (Exodus 20:13,) is obeyed, when we maintain agreement and brotherly kindness, with our neighbor. To impress this more strongly upon us, Christ declares, that even the duties of religion are displeasing to God, and are rejected by him, if we are at variance with each other. When he commands those who have injured any of their brethren, to be reconciled to him, before they offer their gift, his meaning is, that, so long as a difference with our neighbor is kept up by our fault, we have no access to God. But if the worship, which men render to God, is polluted and corrupted by their resentments, this enables us to conclude, in what estimation he holds mutual agreement among ourselves.

It's not a legalistic "do this, get that" type of thing. There is no "specific sin" to be taken care of first. It is, as Christ is trying to teach in this passage, a matter of hypocrisy vs. true Christian love, which is a result of faith in God and repentance.

Answer 3

When Jesus was talking about leaving a gift at the altar, He was speaking to people who understood that He was speaking literally. There was a physical altar in a physical place to which these people brought literal sacrifices commanded by God.

What Jesus teaches here is that the Torah descended from higher principles, which established priorities that were higher than those of offering animals up on the altar.

Be very diligent to understand that reconciling with the brother did not replace the place of the offering, but rather that it was to be done first, with the offering to follow.

We are no longer under the Torah (and those of us who are Gentiles were never under the Torah), so its application to us is that our Christian walk is futile if our interpersonal relationships are not what they should be.

Answer 4

Holy Spirit detailed through the golden mouth of John Chrysostom how to understand Matthew 5:23-24 in HOMILIES ON MATTHEW, chapter XVI, paragraph 12.

"O goodness! O exceeding love to man! He makes no account of the honor due unto Himself, for the sake of our love towards our neighbor; implying that not at all from any enmity, nor out of any desire to punish, had He uttered those former threatenings, but out of very tender affection. For what can be milder than these sayings? "Let my service," saith he, "be interrupted, that thy love may continue; since this also is a sacrifice, thy being reconciled to thy brother." Yea, for this cause He said not, "after the offering," or "before the offering;" but, while the very gift lies there, and when the sacrifice is already beginning, He sends thee to be reconciled to thy brother; and neither after removing that which lies before us, nor before presenting the gift, but while it lies in the midst, He bids thee hasten thither...."

Regarding

Is there any sin that we must straighten out before approaching the throne of grace?

I think that "approaching the throne of grace" must have an essence, a content, and God stated the most important one: the love. Physical presence with a gift brought to the altar is an exterior form of the sacrifice, just a symbol for the essence of the sacrifice: changing of heart's state.