As pointed by David Stratton, there is no consensus on this.
Harvest of the Earth is the Rapture
I personally believe that the Harvest of the Earth in Revelation 14 is the Rapture.
Revelation 14:14-16, NIV
I looked, and there before me was a white cloud, and seated on the
cloud was one like a son of man with a crown of gold on his head and a
sharp sickle in his hand. Then another angel came out of the temple
and called in a loud voice to him who was sitting on the cloud, “Take
your sickle and reap, because the time to reap has come, for the
harvest of the earth is ripe.” So he who was seated on the cloud swung
his sickle over the earth, and the earth was harvested.
Compare this with 1 Thessalonians 4:17 (NIV)
After that, we who are still alive and are left will be caught up
together with them in the clouds to meet the Lord in the air. And
so we will be with the Lord forever.
Both the verses mention clouds, Jesus and believers. The sample picture will give a better idea of how it would look like.
Important points from Apostle John's vision:
- The Son of man represents Jesus Christ
“You have said so,” Jesus replied. “But I say to all of you: From now
on you will see the Son of Man sitting at the right hand of the Mighty
One and coming on the clouds of heaven.” (Matthew 26:64, NIV)
Jesus was sitting on the cloud: Jesus did not set his foot on the earth but was sitting on the cloud and swung his sickle over the earth. This would indicate that Jesus did not come to judge the earth(Second Coming) but only to take away the believers (Rapture), hence the idea of coming like a thief (1 Thessalonians 5:2). Only those who are harvested will witness this.
Jesus wore only one crown: This would mean that Jesus was not in all his glory. Compare this with Revelation 19:12
where the rider on the white horse (Jesus) wore many crowns, which would mean "with all his glory". Hence, the harvest and the rider on the white horse are two different events. This would mean that the Rapture(Harvest) comes first and then the Second Coming.
The sequence of events would be
- The Anti-Christ (Revelation 13)
- The 144,000 Israelites (Revelation 14:1-5)
- The Harvest or Rapture (Revelation 14:14-16)
- The wrath of God (Revelation 15,16)
- The fall of Babylon (Revelation 17,18)
- The Second Coming (Revelation 19)
- The Millennium (Revelation 20:1-6)
- The Judgement Day (Revelation 20:7-15)
- The New Earth (Revelation 21)